Apolipoprotein E

Athens Research

Apolipoprotein E

9

In Vitro Diagnostics, Alzheimer's

Research Use Only

≥95% by SDS-PAGE

Apolipoprotein E

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a glycoprotein with three major isoforms (E2, E3, E4) that mediates lipid transport by binding low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR, LRP, VLDLR) to facilitate cholesterol redistribution. Its receptor-binding domain (residues 140–150), rich in lysines and arginines, enables interactions critical for lipoprotein clearance and lipid homeostasis. Beyond lipid metabolism, ApoE modulates immune responses by suppressing T-cell activation via reduced MHC class II expression on antigen-presenting cells and influences neurobiology through astrocyte-derived cholesterol transport to neurons. Elevated ApoE levels (normal plasma: ~5 mg/dL) are observed during peripheral nerve injury, where it aids tissue repair by coordinating lipid reutilization; however, the E4 isoform delays regeneration and neuromuscular reinnervation. Clinically, ApoE2 homozygosity or mutations like Arg145Cys cause familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia, characterized by bèta-VLDL accumulation and xanthomas. The epsilon4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, promoting Abèta aggregation and impairing synaptic function. ApoE4 also exacerbates cardiovascular risk by elevating LDL-C and carotid intima-media thickness. Emerging roles include modulating melanoma cell states, where ApoE secretion by MITF-high tumors confers ferroptosis resistance via lipid peroxidation suppression. Therapeutically, ApoE-targeted strategies include antisense oligonucleotides reducing ApoE4 levels in tauopathies. LXR/RXR agonists enhancing apoE lipidation, and mimetic peptides like CN-105 mitigating neuroinflammation post-brain injury. These innovations highlight ApoE’s dual potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target across neurodegenerative, metabolic, and oncological disorders.

more then 1 year

Prepared from fresh, non-frozen plasma shown to be non reactive for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests.

≤ -80° C

41116100