Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2 [9087-69-8]

Athens Research

Haptoglobin, Phenotype 2-2 [9087-69-8]

9

ELISA, Protein Chemistry, Inflammation, Sickle Cell Anemia, Glycosylation, Stroke, Central Nervous System Injury, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, In Vitro Diagnostic, Iron Metabolism, Cancer

Research Use Only

≥95% by SDS-PAGE, no visible alpha-1 light chain by SDS-PAGE

Haptoglobin

Haptoglobin 2-2 (Hp2-2) is a homozygous phenotype of the haptoglobin protein, characterized by cyclic polymer structures formed by the Hp2 allele. Functionally, Hp2-2 exhibits reduced antioxidant capacity compared to Hp1-1 and Hp2-1 phenotypes due to inferior hemoglobin-binding affinity and impaired clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes via CD163 receptors. This diminished efficacy in neutralizing free hemoglobin's oxidative effects predisposes Hp2-2 carriers to multiple pathologies. Clinically, Hp2-2 is strongly associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients, evidenced by increased carotid intima-media thickness and oxidative stress markers. It also elevates risks for chronic kidney disease progression and end-stage renal disease, with a 3.84-fold increased hazard ratio for mortality in South Indian populations. Additionally, Hp2-2 correlates with familial epilepsy through hypohaptoglobinemia-mediated delayed hemoglobin clearance in neural tissues. Diagnostic applications include Hp phenotyping to stratify cardiovascular risk in diabetes, guiding targeted interventions like vitamin E supplementation. The phenotype's association with hypertension and overweight status further underscores its clinical relevance in metabolic disorders.

more then 1 year

Source human plasma non-reactive for HBsAG, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests.

-20C

41116100