Immunoglobulin G, Light Chain

Athens Research

Immunoglobulin G, Light Chain

9

Antisera Production, Cancer, Inflammation, In Vitro Diagnostic

Research Use Only

≥95% by SDS-PAGE

The IgG light chain, comprising either kappa (kappa) or lambda (lambda) subtypes, is a 25 kDa polypeptide critical for antigen recognition and antibody diversity. Each light chain pairs with a heavy chain via disulfide bonds, forming the variable (VL) and constant (CL) domains that confer antigen-binding specificity and structural stability. In humans, kappa and lambda light chains maintain a serum ratio of ~2:1 for intact IgG, while free light chains (FLCs) exhibit a 1:1.5 ratio. Deviations from these ratios, particularly kappa/lambda FLC ratios 1.65, signal monoclonal proliferation in conditions like multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Pathologically, misfolded IgG light chains drive AL amyloidosis, forming insoluble fibrils in organs such as the heart and kidneys, while non-fibrillar deposits in light chain deposition disease (LCDD) cause renal failure and hepatic dysfunction. Bence Jones proteins, urinary FLCs detected in 66% of myeloma cases, reflect clonal plasma cell activity. Elevated polyclonal FLCs also contribute to inflammatory diseases by activating mast cells and neutrophils. Clinically, serum FLC assays supersede urine tests for sensitivity in diagnosing oligosecretory myeloma and monitoring treatment response. Immunohistochemistry leveraging light chain restriction (kappa or lambda predominance) aids in differentiating reactive lymphoproliferations from B-cell lymphomas.

more then 1 year

Source human plasma non-reactive for HBsAG, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and negative for anti-HIV 1 & 2 by FDA approved tests.

≤ -20° C

41116100