XY-4, a derivative of 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-palmitoyl LPA094) and an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), effectively induces reporter gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages harboring a peroxisome proliferator-response element (PPRE) at a concentration of 5 microM. Unlike its action on PPARgamma, XY-4 does not serve as an agonist for lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1), LPA2, or LPA3. Furthermore, at a lower concentration of 1 microM, it promotes platelet aggregation in vitro and triggers carotid artery neointima formation in rats.
